Encuesta sobre la calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina / Survey on Professional Quality of Life of Argentine Cardiologists

Introducción: Pese a que los estudios sobre calidad de vida profesional han incluido distintas clases de profesionales de la salud, no existen publicaciones al respecto de los médicos cardiólogos en Latinoamérica y en particular en la Argentina. Objetivo: Estudiar mediante una encuesta la calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina. Material y métodos: Se trató de un estudio observacional y transversal con un cuestionario validado de acuerdo con distintas características métricas. La encuesta se realizó desde abril a junio de 2007 y tuvo carácter anónimo. El cuestionario autoadministrado estuvo constituido por 14 preguntas separadas en tres dominios que midieron: la percepción de la situación laboral del cardiólogo, la realización personal y la expectativa de futuro. Resultados: De 972 cardiólogos de todo el país contactados por e-mail, completaron la encuesta 717 (74%). Los indicadores de calidad de vida profesional mostraron que el 53,5% (383) de los cardiólogos cree que su situación laboral actual es regular o mala y el 61,0% (437) cree que esto no mejorará en el futuro. El 77,4% (555) está preocupado por su estabilidad laboral y el 82,9% (595) cree que podría ser demandado por mala praxis. En relación con la expectativa de futuro, el 17,3% (124) de los cardiólogos no volvería a elegir la especialidad, el 24,3% (174) no volvería a estudiar medicina y el 37,7% (270) no estaría satisfecho si un hijo decidiese estudiar medicina. Conclusiones: Esta primera encuesta sobre calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina describe la percepción de estos especialistas sobre su situación laboral, realización personal y profesional y expectativa de futuro. Los datos que surgen de la encuesta revelan un claro panorama de insatisfacción de los cardiólogos argentinos en el actual sistema organizativo de la salud.

Background: Despite studies on professional quality of life have included different types of health care professionals, there are no publications addressing the professional quality of life of cardiologists in Latin America, particularly in Argentina. Objective: The aim of this study is to use a survey to evaluate the professional quality of life of Argentine cardiologists. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study consisted of a questionnaire validated according to different metric characteristics. The survey was conducted from April to June 2007 and was anonymous. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 14 questions, separated in three domains measuring the cardiologist perception of the work situation, self-fulfillment and expectation about the future. Results: Among 972 cardiologists from all the country contacted by e-mail, 717 (74%) completed the survey. The indicators of professional quality of life demonstrated that 53.5% (383) of cardiologists believe that their current work situation is fair or bad and 61.0% (437) believe that this situation will not improve in the future; 77.4% (555) are worried about their job security and 82.9% (595) believe they could be sued for malpractice. Regarding the expectation about the future domain, 17.3% (124) of cardiologists would not choose the specialty again, 24.3% (174) would not study medicine again and 37.7% (270) would not be satisfied if one of his/her children decided to study medicine. Conclusions: This first survey on professional quality of life of Argentine cardiologists describes how these specialists perceive their work situation, self-fulfillment, professional achievement and expectation about the future. This information reveals a clear state of dissatisfaction among Argentine cardiologists within the current organization of the health care system.

Encuesta sobre la calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina / Survey on Professional Quality of Life of Argentine Cardiologists

Introducción: Pese a que los estudios sobre calidad de vida profesional han incluido distintas clases de profesionales de la salud, no existen publicaciones al respecto de los médicos cardiólogos en Latinoamérica y en particular en la Argentina. Objetivo: Estudiar mediante una encuesta la calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina. Material y métodos: Se trató de un estudio observacional y transversal con un cuestionario validado de acuerdo con distintas características métricas. La encuesta se realizó desde abril a junio de 2007 y tuvo carácter anónimo. El cuestionario autoadministrado estuvo constituido por 14 preguntas separadas en tres dominios que midieron: la percepción de la situación laboral del cardiólogo, la realización personal y la expectativa de futuro. Resultados: De 972 cardiólogos de todo el país contactados por e-mail, completaron la encuesta 717 (74%). Los indicadores de calidad de vida profesional mostraron que el 53,5% (383) de los cardiólogos cree que su situación laboral actual es regular o mala y el 61,0% (437) cree que esto no mejorará en el futuro. El 77,4% (555) está preocupado por su estabilidad laboral y el 82,9% (595) cree que podría ser demandado por mala praxis. En relación con la expectativa de futuro, el 17,3% (124) de los cardiólogos no volvería a elegir la especialidad, el 24,3% (174) no volvería a estudiar medicina y el 37,7% (270) no estaría satisfecho si un hijo decidiese estudiar medicina. Conclusiones: Esta primera encuesta sobre calidad de vida profesional de los cardiólogos en la Argentina describe la percepción de estos especialistas sobre su situación laboral, realización personal y profesional y expectativa de futuro. Los datos que surgen de la encuesta revelan un claro panorama de insatisfacción de los cardiólogos argentinos en el actual sistema organizativo de la salud.(AU)

Background: Despite studies on professional quality of life have included different types of health care professionals, there are no publications addressing the professional quality of life of cardiologists in Latin America, particularly in Argentina. Objective: The aim of this study is to use a survey to evaluate the professional quality of life of Argentine cardiologists. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study consisted of a questionnaire validated according to different metric characteristics. The survey was conducted from April to June 2007 and was anonymous. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of 14 questions, separated in three domains measuring the cardiologist perception of the work situation, self-fulfillment and expectation about the future. Results: Among 972 cardiologists from all the country contacted by e-mail, 717 (74%) completed the survey. The indicators of professional quality of life demonstrated that 53.5% (383) of cardiologists believe that their current work situation is fair or bad and 61.0% (437) believe that this situation will not improve in the future; 77.4% (555) are worried about their job security and 82.9% (595) believe they could be sued for malpractice. Regarding the expectation about the future domain, 17.3% (124) of cardiologists would not choose the specialty again, 24.3% (174) would not study medicine again and 37.7% (270) would not be satisfied if one of his/her children decided to study medicine. Conclusions: This first survey on professional quality of life of Argentine cardiologists describes how these specialists perceive their work situation, self-fulfillment, professional achievement and expectation about the future. This information reveals a clear state of dissatisfaction among Argentine cardiologists within the current organization of the health care system.(AU)

Giant pedunculated thrombus with normal left ventricular systolic function mimicking myxoma.

A 74-year-old woman with a history of essential thrombocythemia was admitted to the Coronary Care Unit because of atypical chest pain. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular (LV) diameter and preserved regional and global systolic function. A pedunculated mobile mass measuring 25 mm × 14 mm was visualized in the LV cavity, attached to the midanterior wall. Because of the typical echocardiographic appearance, a myxoma was suspected. The patient evolved with left hemiparesis and negative T-waves in the electrocardiogram. Left ventriculotomy with excision of the ventricular mass was performed. Histopathological examination revealed an organized thrombus.

Efficacy and safety of a double-coated paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent: the EUCATAX trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the comparison of a new double-coated paclitaxel-eluting coronary stent with bare-metal stent (BMS) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. BACKGROUND: Stent coating with biodegradable polymers as a platform for elution of drugs has the potential for complete elution of drugs and for decreasing the risk of late complications. METHODS: Multicenter randomized trial comparing a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) coated with a biodegradable polymer and glycocalyx with the equivalent BMS. We randomly assigned 422 patients with de novo coronary lesions to PES (211 patients) or to BMS (211 patients). Primary end point was target vessel failure (TVF) defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. Clinical secondary end points were target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization, stent thrombosis (ST), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Angiographic secondary end points were late loss and binary restenosis. RESULTS: At 1 year of follow-up, TVF rate was 9.5% in the PES group and 17.1% in the BMS group (P=0.02), and MACE rate was 10% in PES and 19% in BMS arm (P=0.009). All other secondary end points were reached but ST. ST rate was low and similar in both study arms. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that patients treated with PES with dual coating technology had significantly lower incidence of TVF and MACE than those treated with BMS design; however, longer follow-up should be necessary to assess true advantages of this technology compared with the previous one.

Diferencias en las características clínicas y en la evolución intrahospitalaria entre la angina inestable primaria y secundaria en ancianos / Differences in the clinical characteristcs and hospital outcome between primary and secondary unstable angina in the elderly

Introducción: La angina inestable (AI) se clasifica en primaria (AP) y secundaria (AS) sobre la base de la presencia o no de causas secundarias de isquemia. Estas condiciones son frecuentes en los ancianos y podrían influir en su pronóstico. Objetivo: El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de evaluar las características clínicas y la evolución intrahospitalaria de ancianos con AI primaria y secundaria. Material y métodos: Se registraron 298 ancianos (edad ≥ 75 años) con diagnóstico final de AI. La muestra se dividió, según la presencia de causas secundarias de isquemia (anemia, taquicardia,hipertensión no controlada, infección, hipertiroidismo), en dos grupos: AS y AP. Se compararon antecedentes, características clínicas al ingreso, tratamientos, procedimientos y la ocurrencia de muerte y muerte o infarto en la fase intrahospitalaria. Se identificaron predictores univariados de mala evolución. Resultados: Cincuenta y dos pacientes (17,45 por ciento) tenían AS y 246 (82,5 por ciento) padecían AP. Los pacientes con AS eran más añosos y tenían mayores registros de tensión arterial y de frecuencia cardíaca al ingreso. El tratamiento médico, la cinecoronariografía y la revascularización se utilizaron menos en el grupo AS. La mortalidad (7,7 por ciento versus 6,9 por ciento [p = 1,00; OR (IC 95) = 1,12 (0,36-3,48)] AS y AP, respectivamente) y la combinación de muerte o infarto (7,7 por ciento versus 9,7 por ciento[p = 0,79; OR (CI 95) = 0,77 (0,25-2,32)] AS y AP, respectivamente) fueron similares. Los predictores univariados de muerte o infarto fueron infradesnivel del ST y desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca para ambos grupos y la refractariedad y necesidad de coronariografía y revascularización para el grupo AP. Conclusión: La AS es una causa común de isquemia en los ancianos y, pese a que requiere un manejo diferente, orientado a su etiología, tiene un pronóstico similar al de la AP.

Tolvaptan administration does not affect steady state amiodarone concentrations in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.

BACKGROUND: Tolvaptan, a nonpeptide selective vasopressin receptor (V2) antagonist, is in development for the treatment of congestive heart failure and hyponatremia. Tolvaptan is primarily metabolized via CYP3A4. This study was conducted to determine the extent of the pharmacokinetic interaction between tolvaptan and steady state amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug commonly prescribed for patients with congestive heart failure and a known inhibitor of other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label, 1-arm, 3-period, sequential treatment study conducted in 11 men (10) and women aged 49 to 80 years. They were primarily Caucasian (20) subjects, with a history of cardiac arrhythmias who were otherwise healthy. Subjects were to have been on oral amiodarone maintenance therapy of 200 mg/day for at least 10 months. All subjects took 200 mg amiodarone once daily on each study day; on days 3 and 4, they were also coadministered 30 and 90 mg of tolvaptan, respectively. The plasma concentrations of amiodarone and its metabolite desethylamiodarone were determined for 24 hours postdose on days 2, 3, and 4, tolvaptan concentrations were determined for 24 hours postdose on days 3 and 4. RESULTS: As determined by the ratio of the geometric means and 90% confidence intervals (0.5 to 2.0) for the maximal plasma concentration and the area under the curve during the dosing interval for both amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, tolvaptan coadministration had no effect on either amiodarone and desethylamiodarone disposition, as all the geometric mean ratios (amiodarone + tolvaptan [30 or 90 mg] vs amiodarone alone) were approximately 1. CONCLUSION: Tolvaptan coadministration does not alter steady-state amiodarone or desethylamiodarone concentrations. Tolvaptan concentrations did not appear to be different from historical controls. The most frequently reported adverse event was polyuria (15 of 21 subjects for amiodarone + 30 mg tolvaptan); an expected outcome due to the known potent aquaretic action of tolvaptan. The combination of amiodarone and tolvaptan was well tolerated.

Latin American randomized trial of balloon angioplasty versus coronary stenting in diabetic patients with small vessel reference size (Latin American Small Vessel [LASMAL II] Trial): immediate and long-term results.

Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in diabetic patients with small reference diameter vessels remain an important challenge in interventional cardiology because it is associated with increased complications and restenosis rates. Plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) has limited efficacy in patients with lesions in small vessels. Although coronary stenting (stent) has been demonstrated to improve both immediate and long-term results after coronary intervention, small reference diameter is a strong predictor of restenosis after stent implantation. Thus, the question of how to best treat diabetic patients with lesions in small reference diameter remains unanswered. The purpose of this international and multicenter study was to compare the incidence of angiographic restenosis between percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stent in diabetic patients undergoing PCI of small reference diameter vessels using a specially designed phosphoryl choline (PC)-coated stent for small vessels. The patient population comprised of 220 diabetic patients with lesions in small reference diameter (< 2.9 mm but > 2.0 mm) that were randomized into two different PCI strategies: PTCA with provisional stenting (n = 109) versus stent (n = 111). In the PTCA arm, 26 patients (24%) crossed over to stent during the initial procedure; glycoproteins IIb to IIIa was used in 40.5% of patients in both groups. During initial procedure and at 30 days, both strategies of revascularitation had similar clinical success and acute complications. During long-term follow-up, even though requirements of target vessel revascularization and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event were similar with both techniques, angiographic binary restenosis (45% with PTCA and 28% with stents, P = .047), net gain (0.74 mm with POBA and 0.94 mm with stents, P = .008), and freedom from target vessel failure (66% with POBA and 81.2% with stents, P = .013) were significantly improved when diabetic patients were initially treated with stent therapy. In summary, in diabetic patients with small coronary arteries, the use of a coronary PC coated stent as a primary device during percutaneous interventions was associated with better angiographic and long-term outcome.

Infección tardía de marcapasos: sepsis por estafilococo y cándida / Late pacemaker infection: sepsis due to Staphylococcus and Candida

La infección tardía de un marcapasos definitivo es una complicación poco frecuente y a menudo asociada con infección del catéter. El desarrollo de endocarditis infecciosa, tromboembolia pulmonar o sistémica y septicemia puede aparecer durante su evolución, con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 69 años con marcapasos definitivo colocado hace 3 años y que desarrolla septicemia causada por una rara asociación entre estafilococo y Candida.